The first class of BMY3102 was on
Wednesday, 25th February. Differ from the last semester, we have two
lecturers for this course. The first one that taught us was Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Sieo Chin Chin. We learned two topics with her, which are Nomenclature and
Classification and Immunology. Her class was very enjoyable and I also learned
a lot. Here, these are the summary of the lessons…
Nomenclature
and Classification
Taxonomy : 1. Nomenclature – assignment of
names to taxonomic groups in agreement with
published rules
2. Classification - arrangement of organism into taxa based on
mutual similarities or
evolutionary relatedness
3. Identification – process of
discovering and recording the traits of organism.
1.
Nomenclature
§ Common rules in nomenclature
-
Binomial nomenclature (genus +
specific epithet)
-
Both underlined or italicized
-
Genus capitalized, species
lowercase
-
Genus may be used without
species
-
Abbreviation : Escherichia coli
E.
coli
Enterococcus faecalis (En.faecalis)
Escherichia coli (Es. coli)
§ Process of naming new bacteria
§ Ways to describe strain
-
Biovars: strain characterized by
biochemical or physiological differences
-
Morphovars: differ morphologically
-
Serovars: distinctive antigenic
properties
*Type strain – first
strain studied and is more fully characterized but not necessarily
the most representative member
2.
Classification
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
PHENETIC PHYLOGENETIC GENOTYPIC
- Numerical - 16S rRNA - Other
taxonomy - Phylogenetic molecular
(SSM & SJ) tree methods
-
Dendogram
3. Identification
TECHNIQUES/METHODS FOR
CLASSIFICATION/IDENTIFICATION
CLASSICAL
- Morphological
(staining, external structure, cell inclusion, cell grouping)
- Physiological
and metabolic
- Biochemical
- Ecological
- Immunologic
test
- Phage
typing
- Antibiotic
profilling
MOLECULAR
-
Amino acid sequencing
-
Nucleic acid base composition (%GC
by HPLC and Tm)
-
Nucleic acid hybridization
-
Nucleic acid sequencing
-
Genomic fingerprint (MLSA, RFLP,
ribotyping)
-
Nucleic acid probe
-
Plasmid fingerprinting
*Assignments
Bergeys Manual
Introduction to Immunology
*the topic that I love >,<
Immune system - defense system of individual against the thread of disease caused by infectious microorganism
Pathogen can be harm when : gain access through the right roots
- attach to host cells
- persistence and evade to produce harmful changes
Organs of immune system - Primary lympoid organ
- production of immune cells
- maturation site for immune cells in the absence of antigen
- e.g: bone marrow, thymus, bursa of Fabricius
- maturation site for antigen-driven immune cells
- e.g: adenoid tonsil, lymph nodes, MALT
Types of immunity - non-specific immune response
- external - skin
- normal microbiota
- internal - physiological barrier
- - phagocytosis
- inflammation
- specific immune response
- humoral
- cell-mediated
has immunoglobulin (recognized undigested antigen)
- T cell : mature in thymus
has TCR (recognized processed antigen on MHC
molecules on APC
Features of good antigen - high molecular weight
- foreignness
- complexity
- biodegradable
Antibody - IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
Humoral immunity
- How antibody gives protection
- Antibody response
- Primary (latent period)
- chemical and physical nature of antigen
- adjuvants
- dosage of antigen
- frequency of antigen exposure
- routes of administration
- genetic makeup of host
- Secondary - rapid increase in antibody titer
- shortened latent period
- higher titer
Cell-mediated Immunity - CD8 cytotoxic T cell
- Stages in granule exocytosis
- recognition and binding of target cells
- delivery of lethal hit
- death of target cells
- recycling of cytotoxic T cells
- Aims
- recruit monocyte
- keep monocyte/macrophage at infection site
- activate monocyte and macrophage
- Reaction
- activation of CD4 T cells
- migration of effector Th cells
- recruitment and retentation of monocyte
- activation of macorphage
Memories~
No comments:
Post a Comment